In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

The purpose of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Repeated Agility-based anaerobic test (RAAT) and Running- based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). The subjects were selected randomly (n=36) among male P.E students. They performed the RAAT and RAST test. The Wingate anaerobic test also used as criteria test. The data was analyzed by regression pattern (p<0.05). The result showed that the correlation of RAAT and Wingate test wasn’t significant only in absolute and relative minimum power (absolute minimum power p=0.08 r=0.29, relative minimum power p=0.5 r=0.12) but was significant in other variables (absolute maximum power p=0.001 r=0.73, relative maximum power p=0.01 r=0.40, absolute mean power p=0.001 r=0.83, relative mean power p=0.03 r=0.37, Fatigue index r=0.33 p=0.05). On the other hand, the correlation of RAAT and RAST was significant (absolute maximum power r=0.88 p=0.001, relative maximum power p=0.001 r=0.77, absolute mean power r=0.91 p=0.001, relative mean power p=0.001 r=0.80, absolute minimum power r=0.77 p=0.001, relative minimum power p=0.003 r=0.47, Fatigue index r=0.43 p=0.009). Reliability of RAAT and RAST test showed in all aspect (absolute maximum power’s reliability in RAAT r=0.96 p=0.001, absolute maximum power’s reliability in RAST r=0.97 p=0.001). The results showed that the RAAT has sufficient validity. Also the RAAT and RAST test are Reliable.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of carbohydrate together with peptide glutamine would prevent anaerobic power decrease during repeated competitions.Methods: Twenty eight physical education male students voluntarily participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided on a maximal power (Max power) output value basis into four groups: 1) G group (oral ingestion of glutamine at the dose of 0.25 g/kg body mass in 250 ml of water), 2) M group (a single carbohydrate at a concentration of 50g of maltodextrin in 250 ml of water), 3) GM group (carbohydrate at a concentration of 50g of maltodextrin + glutamine at the dose of 0.25 g/kg body mass in 250 ml of water) and, 4) P group (just 250 ml of water and 30 gram sweetener). Each subject performed three times Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) with intervals of 1 hour. Max power, Minimal power (Min power) and fatigue were calculated for each participant.Results: There was a significant decrease in Max and Min power in P group in time series (P<0.05). Furthermore, regarding the Max and Min power, there was significant difference between P and GM group in third bout indicating stronger influence of combination of maltodextrin and glutamine in comparison with pure consumption of glutamine and maltodextrin (P<0.05).Conclusions: It seems acute supplementation of glutamine and maltodextrin combination, 2 hours before exercise is more efficient in prevention of anaerobic power decrease than consumption of a pure carbohydrate or glutamine in repeated bouts of RAST protocol. Thus, supplementation with both carbohydrate and peptide glutamine improved the physical performance of athletes during repeated competitions. Obviously, it is necessary to do further studies.

Introdution: The Purpose of this study examined the effect of Kinesio taping the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students on anaerobic muscle power (AMP) and the anaerobic threshold (AT) to analyze the functional value of taping on athletic performance capacity. Methods: Twenty eight male healthy students with a mean age of 22. 02± 2. 2 years were enrolled in this study voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups of taping (n=13) and control (n=15) groups. The anaerobic muscle power (AMP) was measured by the Wingate test, and the anaerobic threshold of participants was measured by a dependent maximal treadmill protocol (Conconi Test) with a week gap. Kinesio tapes, 5 cm in width, were applied to quadriceps femurs muscles of participants. The anaerobic threshold was evaluated after 7 days taping, then after 7 days, the anaerobic muscle power was re-evaluated. Normality of data and homogeneity were tested by Shapiro– Wilk test. Paired sample t-test for within groups and independent t-test for between groups comparison were used to analyses the hypotheses (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between pre and posttest of total time, total distance, maximum velocity, LTP1, anaerobic capacity, maximum power and anaerobic capacity ratio after taping. There were no significant differences between pre and posttest in the control group. Conclusion: Taping of the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students was effective on the anaerobic muscle power and the anaerobic threshold, indicating its beneficial effects for athletic performance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic power and strength in elite wrestlers. Sixteen male elite wrestlers (age 20.12 ± 2.5 years, height 171 ± 8.4 cm and BF% 13.39 ± 4.94) participated in this study. The subjects were tested two times [3 days before the beginning of Ramadan (pre-RF) and the last 3 days of Ramadan (post-RF). Body composition was measured using the body composition analyzer, aerobic power by Bruce test and anaerobic power by RAST test. Strength was measured in 3 parts of body [Upper limb (bench press), leg (squat) and trunk (dead lift)]. Results of Paired-samples T test indicated that there were no significant changes in anaerobic power and strength of wrestlers before and after RF. Significant decreases were found in body composition and aerobic power between Pre-RF and post-RF. This study indicated that Ramadan fasting led to a decrease in aerobic power and body fat percentage. Anyway, Ramadan fasting had no adverse effect on the subjects. Athletes can save their physical capacity and sport performance with delicacy in choose in training type and volume, daily caloric intake and food type, body fluid and electrolytic balance, total sleeping hours.

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, Volume 4 (Number 1), March 2013, Pages: 82-83 We read with interest the article recently published in the September issue of the Asian Journal of Sports Medicine by Loenneke et al. We were particularly interested in the section that stated; ‘The BIA device investigated in this study did not provide a valid estimate of fat free mass index (FFMI) in male and female collegiate athletes. Although there was a general tendency for the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to underestimate FFMI compared to DEXA, 98% of the estimates were within plus or minus 2 kg/m2.Therefore, while slightly biased, BIA may provide a reasonable (± 2 kg/ m2) estimate of nutritional status for practitioners who are unable able to afford more expensive equipment’.